Blog

Lewd conduct under California Penal Code § 647(a) is a misdemeanor involving specified sexual touching in a public place, a place open to the public, or public view, combined with a required sexual or offensive intent. Penal Code § 288 is a separate and substantially more serious offense involvin...

California Penal Code § 475 makes it a crime to possess or receive a forged, altered, or counterfeit financial instrument with knowledge of its falsity and intent to pass it or facilitate its use to defraud another person. The statute also covers possession of blank checks or completed checks whe...

California Penal Code § 222 PC criminalizes the act of administering drugs, anesthetics, or intoxicating agents to another person with the specific intent to commit or facilitate a felony crime. Legal Definition of California Penal Code § 222 PC Every person guilty of administering to another an...

California Penal Code § 193.8(a) PC makes it a crime for an adult who owns or possesses a motor vehicle to hand over control of that vehicle to a minor under specific dangerous circumstances. Commonly referred to as "relinquishing a motor vehicle to a minor" or "furnishing a motor vehicle to an i...

California Penal Code § 165 PC governs public corruption involving local legislative and governing bodies. It makes it a serious felony offense to give or offer a bribe to local elected officials, or for those officials to ask for, accept, or agree to receive a bribe to influence official action....

California Penal Code § 148(g) PC protects the constitutional right of citizens to photograph, film, or audio-record law enforcement officers while they are performing their official duties in public. Codified under the California Right to Record Act (Senate Bill 411), this statute explicitly est...

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1, et seq., prohibits U.S. companies, executives, and certain foreign persons from offering or paying anything of value to foreign officials to obtain or retain business. The law also extends liability to payments made through third-part...

California Penal Code § 76 PC makes it a crime to knowingly and willingly threaten the life of, or threaten serious bodily harm to, an elected public official, judge, prosecutor, public defender, county clerk, or other specified government officer, as well as their staff or immediate family. Beca...

Penal Code § 71 PC makes it a crime to directly communicate a threat of unlawful injury to a public official, government employee, or school officer with the specific intent to influence or interfere with their official duties.  Because public servants frequently handle contentious and emotional...

Carrying cash across a border is not a crime. Hiding it is. That distinction, more than any dollar figure, decides whether a traveler walks through customs with a receipt or leaves in handcuffs. 31 U.S.C. § 5332 does not punish wealth. It punishes concealment paired with intent to dodge a reporti...

California Business and Professions Code § 17511.9 prohibits using fraudulent or deceptive practices during telephone sales transactions, including misleading representations used to obtain money, property, or services. When prosecutors allege that a telemarketing campaign involved false statemen...

California Penal Code § 273a prohibits child abuse and child endangerment that places a child in circumstances likely to produce great bodily harm or death. During high-asset divorces, allegations under Penal Code 273a sometimes arise from contested custody disputes, where claims of child endange...

Corporate embezzlement under California Penal Code 503 PC is the fraudulent appropriation of company money or property by someone who was lawfully entrusted with it, such as an officer, a controller, a fund manager, or a department head. For a senior professional, the danger point arrives when an...

Real estate and escrow fraud in California is not a single offense. Prosecutors usually build these cases as grand theft under Penal Code 487 PC or theft by false pretenses under Penal Code 532 PC, on the theory that a false statement caused a buyer, a seller, a lender, or an escrow holder to par...

California Penal Code § 849(b) allows law enforcement to release an arrested person from custody when officers determine there are insufficient grounds to continue detention or when further proceedings are not justified. In some domestic violence investigations, early intervention during the peri...

California public works contract fraud under California Penal Code § 72 and public records fraud under California Penal Code § 134 involve knowingly submitting false claims or fraudulent documents to obtain public funds or influence government action. These investigations often focus on contractors...

California enforces its own securities laws, and the criminal penalties in Corporations Code 25540 and 25541 impose fines of up to $10 million and up to 5 years in prison for a single willful violation. Put simply, an executive accused of market manipulation or fraudulent disclosures can face a state felony....

A single off-duty incident should not cost a nurse their career. A DUI after a holiday party, a domestic dispute that escalated to an arrest, a decade-old conviction that resurfaced on a background check; these are the situations that land nurses in front of the California Board of Registered Nur...

Healthcare workers accused of diverting hospital narcotics are frequently people dealing with untreated addiction, a disease that the same system they work in often fails to address until it is too late. Under  California Health & Safety Code § 11173 , the conduct that defines drug diversion by ...

An arrest warrant under  California Penal Code § 813 is a court order authorizing law enforcement to arrest a person accused of a crime. For high-profile defendants, a properly coordinated voluntary surrender can often avoid a public arrest at home, at work, or at a public event while allowing...

 California Penal Code § 368 criminalizes physical abuse, neglect, endangerment, and financial exploitation of elderly and dependent adults. While the law is intended to protect vulnerable residents, prosecutors sometimes attempt to apply it to nursing home administrators and long-term care exec...

In California, if a felony offense is proven to be a bias-motivated hate crime, the defendant faces a massive increase in prison exposure under California Penal Code Section 422.75 PC. Unlike standalone criminal statutes, PC 422.75 functions strictly as a sentencing enhancement. This means any pe...

In California, a misdemeanor offense can be elevated to a felony if it is proven to be a hate crime. Under California Penal Code Section 422.7 PC, prosecutors use this specific sentencing enhancement to turn a standard misdemeanor charge—such as vandalism, battery, or criminal threats...

House arrest under California Penal Code 1203.016 allows some defendants to serve part or all of a criminal sentence at home instead of jail. Courts may approve electronic monitoring, GPS tracking, or home detention programs for eligible defendants, particularly in nonviolent cases where...

Entrapment under California law is a legal defense that applies when law enforcement officers, or their agents, pressure, persuade, or induce someone to commit a crime they otherwise would not have committed. California Jury Instructions (CALCRIM) No. 3408 explains that police may use decoys and ...